Commentary

TL;DRAbstract

Recent high summer temperatures and heat waves, attributed to climate change, have led to increased attention to associations of ambient temperature with morbidity and mortality. Temperature as a cause of mortality has been studied for centuries.1 However, many recent articles on this topic use analytic models and data notably different from those used in the past. Given the availability of large time series data sets, various types of time-based models have been used to characterize associations while controlling confounding and exploring effect measure modification by socioeconomic factors, housing characteristics, and other variables. Many recent epidemiologic analyses of temperature effects have included measures of air pollution as explanatory variables in the analysis, yielding estimates of temperature effects that are adjusted for air pollution.2 In some instances, data and modeling approaches used initially for epidemiologic investigations of air pollution have been subsequentl

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