Milan: Urban Poverty in a Wealthy City

TL;DRAbstract

At the beginning of the 1990s, the review of Jenks and Mayer (1990) on neighbourhood effects concluded that ‘no general pattern of neighbourhood effects could yet be found. The empirical evidence [wrote the authors] is contradictory and sometimes thin in the areas of educational attainment, cognitive skills, crime, labour market outcomes.’ Since that review however, much research has been completed that provides some evidence for neighbourhood effects in those fields, using statistical data and sophisticated statistical models, even though it is not always clear which mechanisms are at work (see Brooks-Gunn et al., 1993; Case and Katz, 1991; Leventhal and Brooks-Gunn, 2003). Also important to note, is that many researchers found that in comparison with family characteristics, neighbourhood effects have a negligible impact. Nevertheless, it is nowadays widely accepted that neighbourhood effects exist, and more generally, that living in a specific place makes a difference in terms of soc

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