"Bivalvomix" : génomique évolutive des bivalves marins

TL;DRAbstract

For a long time, population geneticists have had to content themselves with analysing neutral markers to infer selection processes indirectly. The recent improvement of sequencing tools now enables them to analyse the variations of a large number of genes and therefore to spot the genes, or the amino acids, which are under the direct influence of the selection (Yang & Bielawski, 2000). In order to analyse the selection processes acting on the mutations and discriminate the different factors acting on their evolution (genetic selection or drift), it is essential to compare polymorphism data between genomes of the same species/population and divergence data between species/populations (Kimura, 1983). Recently, polymorphism data has become available for a sufficient number of genes (>10) in some model species like humans (Fay et al., 2001; Bustamante et al., 2005), the fruit fly (Bierne & Eyre-Walker, 2004) or the arabis (Bustamante et al., 2002). Some inferences have provided

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