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Open AccessReport10.3133/wri884178

An experiment in representative ground-water sampling for water- quality analysis

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TL;DRAbstract

Obtaining a sample of ground water that accurately represents the concentration of a chemical constituent in an aquifer is an important aspect of ground-water-quality studies. Varying aquifer and constituent properties may cause chemical constituents to move within selectively separate parts of the aquifer. An experiment was conducted in an agricultural region in south-central Kansas to address questions related to representative sample collection. Concentrations of selected constituents in samples taken from observation wells completed in the upper part of the aquifer were compared to concentrations in samples taken from irrigation wells to determine if there was a significant difference. Water in all wells sampled was a calcium bicarbonate type with more than 200 milligrams per liter hardness and about 200 milligrams per liter alkalinity. Sodium concentrations were also quite large (about 40 milligrams per liter).

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Obtaining a sample of ground water that accurately represents the concentration of a chemical constituent in an aquifer is an important aspect of ground-water-quality studies. Varying aquifer and constituent properties may cause chemical constituents to move within selectively separate parts of the aquifer. An experiment was conducted in an agricultural region in south-central Kansas to address questions related to representative sample collection. Concentrations of selected constituents in samples taken from observation wells completed in the upper part of the aquifer were compared to concentrations in samples taken from irrigation wells to determine if there was a significant difference. Water in all wells sampled was a calcium bicarbonate type with more than 200 milligrams per liter hardness and about 200 milligrams per liter alkalinity. Sodium concentrations were also quite large (about 40 milligrams per liter).

Keywords

GroundwaterAquiferNitrateAlkalinityIrrigationWater qualityEnvironmental chemistryHydrology (agriculture)

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