Pharmacokinetics and clinical response of hyoscine plus morphine premedication in connection with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.

TL;DRAbstract

Plasma hyoscine and morphine levels and various pharmacodynamic responses have been examined in seven patients scheduled for a coronary-artery bypass graft. Hyoscine 0.006 mg kg-1 and morphine 0.20 mg kg-1 were administered intramuscularly as routine premedication. Surgery was performed using high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia (100 micrograms kg-1). The clinical responses followed were heart rate, blood pressure, subjective sedation and antisialogogue effect. The plasma hyoscine levels were determined by radioreceptor assay, and plasma morphine levels by liquid chromatography, both up to 24 h. The maximum levels of plasma hyoscine (6.6 micrograms l-1) and morphine (158 micrograms l-1) and the time they were reached (13.0 and 9.7 min, respectively) were comparable with the values obtained in earlier studies using young healthy subjects. After the start of cardiopulmonary bypass, significant decreases in plasma levels of both hyoscine and morphine were found. The elimination half-life of hyo

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