Analysis of black tattoo inks: ingredients, interaction with light and effects on cellular systems

TL;DRAbstract

Tattooing is a worldwide phenomenon that exists since the early beginnings of our modern civilization. As part of human culture, this art of body decoration has reached significantly popularity, especially among young people under 30 years of age. In the past, inorganic metal salts containing chromium, cobalt, manganese, or mercury has been used in tattoo colorants. Today, tattoo inks are mixtures of many components including precursors and by-products of pigment synthesis as well as various diluents for pigment suspension, whereas the actual chemical composition may vary for different ink products. Millions of people in the western world have at least one tattoo and 60 % predominately contain black color. Actually, these inks are manufactured for other intended uses like printing, painting cars and coloring consumer products. Up to now, there is no legal requirement or regulation for listing ingredients on the labeling of tattoo inks and they may not have an established history for sa

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