Propensity of bed materials used in dual fluidized beds to retain ash-forming elements from biomass fuels

TL;DRAbstract

The main aim of this work was to investigate the propensity of bed materials to retain ash-forming elements from biomass under conditions relevant to dual fluidized bed
\ngasification (DFBG). The investigation was carried out in a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidized bed reactor in which biomass was gasified with steam and the unconverted char
\nwas combusted in the temperature range 800–900 ° C. Three bed materials (sand, olivine and bauxite) and two biomass fuels (forestry residue and wheat straw) were studied.
\nFrom the results obtained and literature on the ash transformation chemistry during thermal conversion of biomass, it was found that the extent to which ash-forming
\nelements from biomass are retained on bed materials depend among other factors on (1) the abundance of ash-forming elements in the fuel, (2) the ability of the bed material to
\nreact and form compounds with ash-forming elements and (3) the atmosphere surrounding the fuel in the reactor. For

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