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development of punitive damages to proceed apace in the absence of tightly reasoned underpinnings.Twentieth century English law separates these backward and forward looking viewpoints.The emphasis on compensation is satisfied by the doctrine of "aggravated damages", while punishment falls to punitive damages. 9In 1964, the House of Lords ruled that punitive damages are permissible, in the absence of statute, in two instances: (1) where there are oppressive, arbitrary or unconstitutional actions by government servants; and (2) where the conduct of the defendant was calculated by him to make a profit for himself which might well exceed the compensation payable to the plaintiff. 10 From the beginning, American courts viewed punitive damages as primarily for punishment."Although criticized strongly in the nineteenth century, 12 and today by the defendants' bar," 3 the insurance industry,' 4 and commentators, especially microeconomists,"5 this remedy flourishes. 16The Supreme Court continue
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development of punitive damages to proceed apace in the absence of tightly reasoned underpinnings.Twentieth century English law separates these backward and forward looking viewpoints.The emphasis on compensation is satisfied by the doctrine of "aggravated damages", while punishment falls to punitive damages. 9In 1964, the House of Lords ruled that punitive damages are permissible, in the absence of statute, in two instances: (1) where there are oppressive, arbitrary or unconstitutional actions by government servants; and (2) where the conduct of the defendant was calculated by him to make a profit for himself which might well exceed the compensation payable to the plaintiff. 10 From the beginning, American courts viewed punitive damages as primarily for punishment."Although criticized strongly in the nineteenth century, 12 and today by the defendants' bar," 3 the insurance industry,' 4 and commentators, especially microeconomists,"5 this remedy flourishes. 16The Supreme Court continue
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