Momentum and energy transfer by wave organised motion under wind waves

TL;DRAbstract

The ocean-atmosphere interface is a complex boundary layer with waves, as its most important feature,modifying the energy, momentum, heat and gas fluxes. Despite such importance, the physics of the wave motion contributions is not well treated in specific areas. Phase averaging, depth averaging or ad-hoc modelling of diffusion have facilitated analytical and numerical models, but potentially missing physical processes. Developing numerical models with more realistic and physical concepts is essential for progress in wind-wave knowledge. Non-zero Reynolds stresses due to organised wave motion, generated by out-of-quadrature orbital velocities, have been captured since 1960, albeit with limited attention (until recently in the work of Nielsen et al. 2011 and Mellor 2013) due to contradictory experimental results and lack of a plausible physical explanation. These exclusions have resulted in a concentration on turbulence transfers, which will be shown to be unrealistic. In this thesis, th

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