Introduction: Music and Spirit

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We are only now beginning to perceive the full extent of Adolph Bernhard Marx's presence in nineteenth-century musical thought. A novelist seeking to bring that age and its thought to life would be hard pressed to invent a more appropriately fascinating figure. Although not destined to realize his early dreams of becoming a great composer, Marx was all things else: brilliant conversationalist, fierce polemicist, provocative critic and editor, active participant in a newly galvanized intellectual and cultural milieu (Berlin, shortly after the founding of the University of Berlin), advocate of Beethoven and the first theorist to address the challenge of that composer's music in a comprehensive fashion, systematic yet poetic thinker and writer, progressive pedagogue involved in Prussian educational reform, and the author of books on Gluck, Beethoven, composition, pedagogy, cultural criticism, music history, tone painting, and even vocal technique. What made this range of enterprises possi

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