TL;DRAbstract
The data in this discussion relates to the three years immediately preceding Libyan independence in 1951. Prior to the advent of the British, Cyrenaica had been under Italian colonial rule from the Italian invasion in 1911 until Italy entered World War II in 1940. For the first twenty years of this rule the Bedouin were at war with the Italians, until they were subdued by Graziani and the resistance brought to an end by the capture and hanging, on 16 September 1931, of the redoubtable but aged resistance leader, ʿUmar al-Mukhtar. After the Italians had been expelled from Cyrenaica in 1943, the country was governed first by a British Military Administration, and then, from early 1948, by a Civil Administration. The main preoccupation of both administrations was to ensure that a minimum of order prevailed throughout the country, especially in the few small towns and villages, as they were then. The Civil Administration had the additional task of preparing for independence, and in 1948 a
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The data in this discussion relates to the three years immediately preceding Libyan independence in 1951. Prior to the advent of the British, Cyrenaica had been under Italian colonial rule from the Italian invasion in 1911 until Italy entered World War II in 1940. For the first twenty years of this rule the Bedouin were at war with the Italians, until they were subdued by Graziani and the resistance brought to an end by the capture and hanging, on 16 September 1931, of the redoubtable but aged resistance leader, ʿUmar al-Mukhtar. After the Italians had been expelled from Cyrenaica in 1943, the country was governed first by a British Military Administration, and then, from early 1948, by a Civil Administration. The main preoccupation of both administrations was to ensure that a minimum of order prevailed throughout the country, especially in the few small towns and villages, as they were then. The Civil Administration had the additional task of preparing for independence, and in 1948 a
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