Modelling behavioural responses to tolling by microsimulation.

TL;DRAbstract

Over the past few decades there has been a renewed interest in road pricing. This has come about due to the increasing realisation of the negative effects of unrestrained car use, such as, the impact of congestion on the economy and pollution on the environment, to name a few. In this respect, road pricing offers a mechanism for controlling demand. To date, road pricing has been applied to city centres, sections of motorways, individual lanes, bridges, tunnels to name but a few examples. Charges can also be further refined and varied according to the time of day, day of the week, traffic volumes, vehicle types, vehicle occupancy, etc. Moreover, the evaluation of transport schemes has become reliant on the careful consideration of all possible outcomes. An important technology which has been developed is traffic microsimulation modelling. This enables transport professionals to replicate by computer simulation the behaviour of individual vehicles within an exact representation of th

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