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Book Chapter10.1007/978-3-663-13986-7_25

Flow Separation in Artificial Heart Valves

K. Affeld,K. Schichl,A. Ziemann-1993-01-01-Notes on numerical fluid mechanics
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TL;DRAbstract

Flow separations are most unwelcome in the flow through artificial heart valves as they are in most technical flows. The bulk flow properties as the resistance of the valve or its closing behaviour are not so much influenced by flow separations as another phenomenon which is unique to blood flow — the generation of a thrombus. This phenomenon which is normally useful by closing leaks in the vessel system becomes harmful, when a mechanical device such as an artificial heart valve is implanted. In areas of stagnant flow the blood solidifies and can impede or even completely close off the flow. At a rate of 3 to 5% the patients die each year of complications related to this undesired interaction of the blood with the implant. From detailed in vitro experiments one knows the flow conditions, which are relevant for the generation of a thrombus. The first condition is the flow of blood through a volume of high shear stress, either in a jet or at a wall, which exceeds τ = 100 N/m2 and lasts f

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Flow separations are most unwelcome in the flow through artificial heart valves as they are in most technical flows. The bulk flow properties as the resistance of the valve or its closing behaviour are not so much influenced by flow separations as another phenomenon which is unique to blood flow — the generation of a thrombus. This phenomenon which is normally useful by closing leaks in the vessel system becomes harmful, when a mechanical device such as an artificial heart valve is implanted. In areas of stagnant flow the blood solidifies and can impede or even completely close off the flow. At a rate of 3 to 5% the patients die each year of complications related to this undesired interaction of the blood with the implant. From detailed in vitro experiments one knows the flow conditions, which are relevant for the generation of a thrombus. The first condition is the flow of blood through a volume of high shear stress, either in a jet or at a wall, which exceeds τ = 100 N/m2 and lasts f

Keywords

ThrombusShear stressArtificial heartMaterials scienceBlood flowFlow (mathematics)Biomedical engineeringMechanics

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