TL;DRAbstract
Nighttime thunderstorms frequently occur during the summer months over the Middle West. This paper describes this type of thunderstorm, which is initiated and maintained by instability producing conditions other than cold fronts, warm fronts, or thermal instability. Local superadiabatic instability initiates nighttime thunderstorms, and this instability is produced by any one of the following conditions: (1) advection of warm air at intermediate and h $ h levels; (2) advection of cooler air at intermediate and high levels; and (3) advection of warmer air at intermediate levels and cooler air at higher levels. Several typical occasions when these conditions prevailed and produced thunderstorms are described and analyzed.
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Nighttime thunderstorms frequently occur during the summer months over the Middle West. This paper describes this type of thunderstorm, which is initiated and maintained by instability producing conditions other than cold fronts, warm fronts, or thermal instability. Local superadiabatic instability initiates nighttime thunderstorms, and this instability is produced by any one of the following conditions: (1) advection of warm air at intermediate and h $ h levels; (2) advection of cooler air at intermediate and high levels; and (3) advection of warmer air at intermediate levels and cooler air at higher levels. Several typical occasions when these conditions prevailed and produced thunderstorms are described and analyzed.
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