Marine Protected Areas in Canada with a particular Emphasis on Newfoundland: Science, Policy, and Implementation at Multiple Institutional Levels

TL;DRAbstract

The primary goal of Marine Protected Areas is to conserve and protect part or all of a marine environment through legal or other effective means. MPAs are a global phenomenon that has become part of national level ocean policy and practice in such nations as Australia, Canada, and the US. 
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\nMarine protected areas depend, for their success, on the development of an informal network of local policy and practice, which varies among communities. They succeed in circumstances where national policy or legal precedent does not dissolve local policy and practice, and where national policy facilitates and can accommodate local arrangements. The collapse of fisheries in the late 20th century in Canada provided the political impetus and policy framework that increased the capacity of the federal government to accommodate local arrangements in marine waters through Canada’s Oceans Act 1996. 
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\nTwo Marine Protected Areas, at Eastport and Gilbert Bay, were designated in Newfou

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