Membrane Stabilization by Antioxidant Recycling

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SummaryEnzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways of lipophilic antioxidant action can be exploited to stabilize membranes. Vitamin E can be enzymically regenerated from its chromanoxyl radicals formed in the course of peroxidation. Chromanoxyl radicals of vitamin E can be reduced by NADPH-, NADH-, and succinate-dependent electron transporting enzymes of microsomes and mitochondria. Ubiquinones can act as co-factors in the enzymic regeneration of vitamin E. Other aqueous reductants (ascorbate, glutathione, dihydrolipoate) can synergistically enhance vitamin E regeneration. Thus, vitamin E molecules (tocopherols and tocotrienols) possess a unique ability to act as membrane free radical harvesting centers due to their regeneration in membranes.Non-enzymatic pathways of antioxidant action can be exemplified by the thioctic acid/dihydrolipoic acid redox couple (TA/DHLA) in liposomes and LDL. TA has been found to confer protection in tissues and membranes against oxidative damage. TA after it is

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