TL;DRAbstract
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is an adult-onset focal dystonia characterized by abnormal vocal cord contractions activated by speech. There are three forms of spasmodic dysphonia. The commonest form, making up about 90% of cases, is adductor dysphonia in which spasmodic adduction of the vocal cords causes interruptions in phonation called voice breaks. Because of this, the resultant closed glottis speech is highly strained, effortful, high-pitched, and reduced in volume. Whispering is often normal. The second most common type is abductor dysphonia in which patients have a breathy voice with aphonic interruptions occurring in the middle of a word. These typically occur when phonating a vowel right after a voiceless consonant such as a p, f, s, t, or h.
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Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is an adult-onset focal dystonia characterized by abnormal vocal cord contractions activated by speech. There are three forms of spasmodic dysphonia. The commonest form, making up about 90% of cases, is adductor dysphonia in which spasmodic adduction of the vocal cords causes interruptions in phonation called voice breaks. Because of this, the resultant closed glottis speech is highly strained, effortful, high-pitched, and reduced in volume. Whispering is often normal. The second most common type is abductor dysphonia in which patients have a breathy voice with aphonic interruptions occurring in the middle of a word. These typically occur when phonating a vowel right after a voiceless consonant such as a p, f, s, t, or h.
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