Activity, Stability, and Kinetic Properties of Enzymes Immobilized on Clay Minerals and Organomineral Complexes

TL;DRAbstract

In soil, extracellular enzymes may undergo association with inorganic, organic, and/or organomineral soil components to form active enzymatic complexes. Enzymes may be adsorbed on clay minerals or may interact with organic molecules in complexation and/or copolymerization processes, and the resulting complexes, in turn, may be adsorbed on clay minerals. The “dirty clays” exhibit peculiar physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties and may adsorb protein molecules and influence the activity of immobilized enzymes differently from that of pure clay minerals. As compared to free enzymes, the enzymatic complexes showed different properties with regard to the residual activity, the kinetic properties, and the thermal and proteolytic stability. It was also demonstrated that invertase–OH-aluminum associations were attached on the surface of a montmorillonite, forming an enzyme–organomineral complex with a relatively high activity. In the presence of high amounts of tannic acid, precipita

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