Evolving Imaging Modalities in the Diagnosis and Staging of Penile Cancer

TL;DRAbstract

Accurate staging of penile cancer is of paramount importance in the evaluation of a patient presenting with this malignancy as well as in devising an optimized therapeutic approach. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis has a relatively predictable pattern of metastatic spread via the lymphatic system. It is this reliable pattern of spread which makes this disease one of the rare malignancies in which a thorough and effective resection of regional lymphatic involvement can result in potential cure. Metastatic spread of SCC from the penis first involves the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes, followed by the pelvic lymph nodes. The presence of metastatic disease in the regional lymph nodes and the extent of lymph node involvement are vital determinants of patient survival. Local staging of penile cancer and an understanding of the invasiveness and extent of the primary tumor are also essential for adequate surgical planning. Adequate preoperative assessment of local clinical

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