Invasion mechanisms of<i>Salmonella</i>

TL;DRAbstract

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans and a systemic disease similar to typhoid fever in mice. Following oral ingestion, bacteria colonize the intestinal tract and then penetrate the lymphatic and blood circulation systems. Passage of eukaryotic organisms through the intestinal epithelium is thought to be initiated by bacterial invasion into M cells and enterocytes. The process of epithelial cell invasion can be studied experimentally because S. enterica serovar Typhimurium invades cultured epithelial cells in vitro. Many of the genes required for epithelial invasion have been found within eukaryotic pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1), which is a contiguous 40-kb region at centrosome 63 of the chromosome. SPI-1 genes encode a bacterial type III secretion apparatus and several effectors, which contribute to pathogenesis through an interaction with eukaryotic proteins. The type III secretion apparatus is a multip

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