Modulation of Estrogen Metabolism by Hops Extracts and Bioactive Compounds as Analyzed by LC-MS-MS

TL;DRAbstract

The oxidative metabolism of estrogens into estrogen quinones that damage DNA, contributes to the carcinogenicity of estrogens. In order to circumvent using hormone replacement therapy, many women in the United States use botanical dietary supplements as a means to alleviate menopausal symptoms and avoid associated cancer risks. Little is known about the ability of these botanicals to alter estrogen metabolism leading to breast cancer. The hypothesis of this thesis is that botanicals used by women for menopausal symptom relief have beneficial chemopreventive activities by reducing exposure to genotoxic estrogen metabolites and improving overall wellness by reducing the negative effects of estrogen. Our previous studies have shown that hops (Humulus lupulus), a component of popular European botanical dietary supplements used for relief of menopausal symptoms, inhibits estradiol metabolism to the 2- and 4-methoxyestrone (MeOE1) metabolites. Utilizing an optimized LC-MS-MS assay I investig

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