A Cross-National, Comparative Study of Cultural Factors Underpinning 15-Year Old Students' Performance in Reading Literacy in Finland, Sweden and Indonesia

TL;DRAbstract

This thesis investigates educational culture in Finland, Sweden and Indonesia. It compares and contrasts similarities and differences to investigate the degree to which cultural context influences performance in reading literacy. In addition, the research explores whether global educational solutions are inevitable, desirable or even possible. The study is based on the results of the OECD's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). The thesis refutes the notion of a globally valid education concept and argues that evaluations of effective education cultures cannot be made using discrete, quantitative measures. Students' performance in reading literacy is culturally influenced and should be understood in a cultural context. The thesis argues that effective education systems must be embedded in an education culture that aligns values throughout the system levels.

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