Screening Sigmoidoscopy and Colorectal Cancer

TL;DRAbstract

Periodic screening by sigmoidoscopic examination in asymptomatic persons has been recommended for more than 30 years as a means of reducing mortality from colorectal cancer.13 Evidence supporting this recommendation, however, is limited, and experts disagree as to whether sigmoidoscopy should be included in the periodic health examination.48 Colorectal cancer, with a cumulative incidence of 5.1% in men and 3.9% in women by age 74,9 is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. More than 145,000 new cases and 61,000 deaths from this disease were expected in 1987.10 Thus screening tests that can lead to earlier detection and improved survival are needed. In addition to earlier detection, screening sigmoidoscopy may reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer through removal of premalignant adenomatous polyps.

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