Aperture stops and pupils, field lenses and stops

TL;DRAbstract

Every optical system contains a surface or surfaces which limit the width of the beam passing through the system from each object point. These surfaces may be a lens surface, a face of a prism, a mirror or simply a plate containing an opening of suitable size. Since the amount of light in the beam depends upon the beam width, they control the image brightness. They also affect image quality and to some extent the size of the field-of-view.

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