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A/D and D/A conversions

Ke-Lin Du,M. N. S. Swamy-2010-04-15-Cambridge University Press eBooks
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TL;DRAbstract

Analog input signals are converted into digital signals for digital processing and transmission. The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter (ADC) performs this functionality using two steps: the sample-and-hold (S/H) operation, followed by digital quantization. The ADC is primarily characterized by the sampling rate and resolution. A sampling rate of above twice the Nyquist frequency is a must; otherwise, aliasing occurs and the result is not usable. A higher sample rate leads to a more accurate result, but a more complex system. The successive-approximation ADC successively increases the digital code by digitizing the difference until a match is found. The successive-approximation ADC is the most popular type of ADC. The sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) ADC uses oversampling and noise shaping to significantly attenuate the power of quantization noise in the band of interest.

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Analog input signals are converted into digital signals for digital processing and transmission. The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter (ADC) performs this functionality using two steps: the sample-and-hold (S/H) operation, followed by digital quantization. The ADC is primarily characterized by the sampling rate and resolution. A sampling rate of above twice the Nyquist frequency is a must; otherwise, aliasing occurs and the result is not usable. A higher sample rate leads to a more accurate result, but a more complex system. The successive-approximation ADC successively increases the digital code by digitizing the difference until a match is found. The successive-approximation ADC is the most popular type of ADC. The sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) ADC uses oversampling and noise shaping to significantly attenuate the power of quantization noise in the band of interest.

Keywords

OversamplingQuantization (signal processing)Delta-sigma modulationSuccessive approximation ADCAnalog-to-digital converterDecimationEffective number of bitsNyquist rate

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