Models and calibration approaches for soil solution electrical conductivity using time domain reflectometry

TL;DRAbstract

Monitoring ionic solutes in soils is necessary to understand transport processes and to enable effective managerial decisions regarding application and remediation of soil applied chemicals.Soil solution electrical conductivity (w) is directly related to ionic solute concentration (Cr) and thus is useful as a surrogate measurement.Time domain reflectometry (TDR) has shown promise for assessing ionic solute distributions and has a number of advantages over other established methods; however, calibration models must be invoked to estimate w using TDR.Three models and four calibration approaches to obtain soil-specific model coefficients were investigated in this study for their efficacy to infer w based on TDR measurements of bulk soil electrical conductivity (a) and volumetric soil water content ().Two types of laboratory experiments were performed: a static (no flow) soil column factorial matrix, and miscible displacement through soil columns under steady and transient water flow condi

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