TL;DRAbstract
Although parliamentary elections took place in Egypt during the late 1800s, historians have identified two significant periods of multiparty politics in the country (Beattie 2000). The first occurred following the promulgation of the 1923 constitution, after the British declared an end to the protectorate and Egypt became an independent state. The second began in 1976 under President Anwar al-Sadat and continues through the rule of Hosni Mubarak. Although the focus of this book is on an electoral authoritarian equilibrium that has emerged under Mubarak, this chapter seeks to explain some of the dynamics that have led the authoritarian regime in Egypt to converge on this particular set of institutions.
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Although parliamentary elections took place in Egypt during the late 1800s, historians have identified two significant periods of multiparty politics in the country (Beattie 2000). The first occurred following the promulgation of the 1923 constitution, after the British declared an end to the protectorate and Egypt became an independent state. The second began in 1976 under President Anwar al-Sadat and continues through the rule of Hosni Mubarak. Although the focus of this book is on an electoral authoritarian equilibrium that has emerged under Mubarak, this chapter seeks to explain some of the dynamics that have led the authoritarian regime in Egypt to converge on this particular set of institutions.
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