3-DoF Haptic Rendering

TL;DRAbstract

Haptic rendering enables a user to touch, feel, and manipulate virtual objects through a haptic interface (see Figure 1). The field has shown a significant expansion during the last decade. Since the publication of earlier review papers (Salisbury and Srinivasan, 1997; Srinivasan and Basdogan, 1997), new rendering techniques and several new applications have emerged (see the more recent reviews in Basdogan and Srinivasan, 2002, Salisbury et al, 2004, and Laycock and Day, 2007). The applications now cover a wide range of fields including medicine (surgical simulation, tele-medicine, haptic user interfaces for blind persons, rehabilitation for patients with neurological disorders, dental medicine) art and entertainment (3D painting, character animation, digital sculpting, virtual museums), computer-aided product design (free-form modeling, assembly and disassembly including insertion and removal of parts), scientific visualization (geophysical data analysis, molecular simulation, flow vi

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