Energy transfer processes of Er³⁺in Y AlO₃

TL;DRAbstract

In this study the upconversion of the 4I13/2 and 4I11/2 multiplets, and the cross-relaxation (CR) processes of 4S3/2 and 4I9/2 of Er3+ in Y AlO3, which are related to its 3 µm laser operation, have been investigated. The dominant energy transfer (ET) pathways are discussed and the ET rates of the contributing multipolar interaction mechanisms have been estimated, based upon the Holstein–Lyo–Orbach or the Miyakawa and Dexter formalisms for phonon-assisted ET. The Kushida formalism has been employed for the investigation of migration processes, and the matrix elements of Kaminskii for the relevant electronic transitions have been used in our calculations. The major results are that at room temperature, the contributions of 2H11/2 (particularly from electric quadrupole–electric quadrupole interactions) to the CR and migration of 4S3/2, and to the upconversion of 4I11/2, are important, and are even the dominant ones in some cases.

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