The history of biliary surgery

TL;DRAbstract

From the ancient times biliary surgery attracted a great attention of the doctors and other specialists all over the world. In medieval times, main efforts of medical workers were targeted to the liver and biliary anatomy research. Until the XV century doctors were not aware of the cholelithiasis, first steps in diagnosing and treating this disease were related to obstructive jaundice and biliary abscesses. Surgical treatment in XVIII-XIX centuries included intra-abdominal abscess drainage, pus and bile drainage, gall bladder lithotomy. If biliary colic was associated with local skin hyperemia in right hypochondrium, a surgeon would make an incision in this area, leading to biliary fistula formation and further recovery in some patients. In the middle of XIX century, surgeons started to perform cholecystostomy, removing the stones out of the gall bladder and performing the cholecystopexy to the laparotomy wound. Only in 1882 27-year old Langhenbuch, who was appointed as a head doctor i

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