Laboratory Testing of Cement-Bentonite Mix for Proposed Plastic Diaphragm Wall for Complexe LaGrande Reservoir Caniapiscau, James Bay, Canada

TL;DRAbstract

A comprehensive laboratory investigation was carried out to determine a suitable mix of cement-bentonite for a slurry trench cutoff wall for Caniapiscau Reservoir project in James Bay, Canada in 1980. Specifications required the mix to have a permeability of less than 0.01 μm/s and to be able to sustain a plastic deformation of 10% without fissuring as measured at 90 days in a triaxial compression test with a lateral pressure of 196 kPa. Laboratory samples were prepared with different mixes of cement, bentonite, sand, and water and kept in a curing chamber of 100% humidity. Permeability determination and triaxial compression tests were performed after curing periods ranging from 10 to 120 days. Over 84 specimens were tested. The compression tests included unconfined tests, unconsolidated-undrained tests at a constant rate of strain, unconsolidated-drained tests with varying strain rates and at a controlled rate of stress, and a consolidated-drained test. Permeability tests were perform

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