Extension of the hierarchical model of anxiety and depression to the personality domain

TL;DRAbstract

Research on the empirical structure of distress (mood and anxiety) disorders has yielded many valuable insights. These efforts have culminated in the integrative hierarchical model (Mineka, Watson, & Clark, 1998), which specified general, specific, and unique components of distress disorders. However, some components have not yet been identified, and the model cannot account for temporal relations among the syndromes. Clark, Watson, and Mineka (1994) suggested that personality traits may help us fill these gaps. Accordingly, I proposed a hierarchical-vulnerability model of distress disorders, which posits that psychiatric syndromes are products of interactions between personality traits and environmental stressors. This model is patterned after the integrative hierarchical model, as it specifies various levels of generality among personalitypsychopathology links. The aim of this study was to develop the personality component of the model by identifying traits relevant to four target sy

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