WE‐EF‐303‐01: FEATURED PRESENTATION: Hydrogel Fiducial Markers for In‐Vivo Proton Therapy and Range Verifications Using PET

TL;DRAbstract

Purpose: Currently there are no clinically used techniques for in‐vivo proton treatment/range verification. Our aim was to develop patient implantable markers that can be visualized in CT/x‐ray for treatment‐planning/beam‐positioning, and also in PET for proton treatment/range verification. Methods: Biocompatible/biodegradable hydrogel polymers were immersed in O18‐enriched water and O16 water, respectively to create O18‐water hydrogels (0.5 cm3) and O16‐water hydrogels (1 cm3) (both >99% water and <1% polymer). Also, 5–8 µm Zn powder was suspended in O16 water and O18‐enriched water and cross‐linked with hydrogel polymers to create Zn/16O‐water hydrogels (30%/70% mass ratio, <1% polymer) and Zn/18O‐water hydrogels (10%/90%). A block of extra‐firm “wet” tofu (12.3×8.8×4.9 cm, ρ⁼1) immersed in water was injected with Zn/O16‐water hydrogels (0.9 cm3 each) at four different depths using an 18 gauge needle. Similarly, Zn/18O‐water hydrogels (0.9 cm3) were injected in a different t

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