Toxicity and Metabolism of Mexacarbate in Freshwater Crayfish Under Laboratory Conditions

TL;DRAbstract

Adult crayfish (Orconetes limosus) were exposed to 0.1, 1.0, 2.5, 4.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.5, 15.0, 20.0, and 25.0 μg/mL of mexacarbate [4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl N-methylcarbamate (Zectran)] in water at 15°C under laboratory conditions. Behavioral abnormalities were noted at levels ⩾ 1.0 μg/mL, but as the duration of exposure increased the animals recovered and behaved similarly to the control group. Signs of acute toxicity and mortality were observed at concentration levels ⩾2.5 μg/mL. The 96-h LC50 value was 8.8 μg/mL. Body weight depression was significant only in the three high dose groups (at 15, 20, and 25 μg/mL). The study was terminated 144 h after treatment. The parent compound (M) and seven metabolites, namely, 4-methylformamido mexacarbate (MFM), 4-formamido mexacarbate (FAM), 4-methylamino mexacarbate (MAM), 4-amino mexacarbate (AM), 4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylenol (DMAX), 4-methylamino-3,5-xylenol (MAX), and 4-amino-3,5-xylenol (AX) were detected in crayfish 144 h after exposure

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