Determinging support for the HNAP model : an integrative review of the literature

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In 1998 Buehler, Malone, and Majerus used grounded theory to derive the Symptom Action Time-Line (SATL), a linear process involving self-care, lay care, and professional resources used by rural Montana women to respond to physical illness symptoms. In 2010 (O'Lynn), a literature review to determine the level of support for the SATL process resulted in a more circular model called the Symptom Action Process (SAP). An integrative literature review in 2012 was conducted to determine the level of support for the SATL and SAP models, resulting in a revision, named the Health Needs Action Process (HNAP) (Rasmussen, Winters, & O'Lynn, 2013). The HNAP differed from the SATL and SAP in that the term 'symptom' was replaced with 'health need' to reflect a broader spectrum of health demands including psychological needs. All three models, SATL, SAP, and HNAP, were based on studies in the United States (U.S.). The HNAP included studies with women-only and mixed gender samples. The lack of inter

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