Evolution of the theory and doctrine of the Church in England, as exemplified by Ockham, Wyclif, and Cranmer

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THE MEDIAEVAL CHUECH that Church was "bound to rise above the temporary and conflict-Ing elements of the civil organization.But Charlemagne laid the foundation, in spirit and in fact, for a nationalism that was destined in a later age to defeat the temporal aspirations of the Papacy that had then almost become master of all the Western world.It is true that his kingdom was wrested from his house and many subsequent Emperors made to bow before the representatives of the Papacy; but the time came when that Instinct for freedom which made him compel the Papacy to accede to his will in law and civil discipline, and which restrained him from adopting the manners and dress of the Caesars in the face of the Church s utmost persuasion, found full expression in the independence of Philippe le Bel ( 1275-1314) and Edward ill (1272-1307).Here once more the dualism of Church and State was reconstituted, although in this instance it was the Papacy and not the State that had fallen on evil days; and

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